Alcohol Advertising The Cause of Underage Drinking...

Alcohol Advertising: The Cause of Underage Drinking? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The question, â€Å"Is alcohol advertising the cause of underage drinking?† seems to flow through the minds of many American families. The answer to the question largely depends upon the families view on drinking in general. Some homes encourage drinking every once in a while, for social purposes; while others condemn it all together. The topic is very controversial with several factors weighing in such as religion, family background, and health. Despite the differing views, statistics have shown that underage drinking has reached a new height this past year. What is the cause of this rise in adolescent drinking? I will be reviewing the work of four†¦show more content†¦Kate feels that advertisements are okay if they are portrayed to the right audience. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kate feels that advertisements are acceptable if they are placed in areas which reach an â€Å"audience made up of at least 70% of adults over 21.† In his eyes advertisers are making significant changes in their plans in order to reduce the problem of underage drinking. Hacker and Suriano’s opinions differ from Kate’s, they believe that the advertisers know the large amounts of money brought in from the youth and place them as their target audience. Suriano states, â€Å"they know the mind of their audience and communicate effectively.† Hacker and Suriano’s ideas of the target audience differ, however. Suriano believes alcohol companies draw females to their advertisements by fashioning attitudes, behaviors, and physical attractiveness of drinkers. She says that females are â€Å"more vulnerable to imitate the attractive model shown on the television holding the drink.† Hacker feels differently and believes that throu gh the use of athletes and celebrities industries are targeting African Americans. Berta believes they â€Å"are not deliberately targeting the youth.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hacker feels that the alcohol industries are in fact targeting youth and are willing to say,Show MoreRelatedAlcohol Advertising: the Cause of Underage Drinking? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesLinzay Workman Advanced Composition Rose Bunch Paper 3: Literature Review Alcohol Advertising: The Cause of Underage Drinking? The question, Is alcohol advertising the cause of underage drinking? seems to flow through the minds of many American families. The answer to the question largely depends upon the families view on drinking in general. Some homes encourage drinking every once in a while, for social purposes; while others condemn it all together. The topic is very controversialRead MoreEssay on Alcohol Advertising1655 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol Advertising Exposure to alcohol advertising is an everyday occurrence. Alcohol advertising is persuasive not only to adults but to those who are too young to buy alcohol legally. Although parents and peers have a large impact on youth decisions to drink, marketing also has a significant impact by influencing the attitudes of parents and peers and helping to create an environment that promotes underage drinking. Alcohol companies focus billions of dollars on advertising their productsRead MoreAlcohol Advertising Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol Advertising Exposure to alcohol advertising is an everyday occurrence. Alcohol advertising is persuasive not only to adults but to those who are too young to buy alcohol legally. Although parents and peers have a large impact on youth decisions to drink, marketing also has a significant impact by influencing the attitudes of parents and peers and helping to create an environment that promotes underage drinking. Alcohol companies focus billions of dollars on advertising their productsRead MoreUnderage Drinking As A New Phenomenon1475 Words   |  6 PagesUnderage drinking in the US is one of the social issues, which has been responsible for numerous economic losses, accidents, deaths and crimes. Youth have become actively involved in drinking abuse, where they lose their sense of understanding and comprehension. To eradicate the social issue of underage drinking, numerous strategies have been implemented by the US government, where some of them were successful, while others were not able to produce significant reduction in underage drinking. TodayRead MoreEssay on Kill the Buzz1250 Words   |  5 Pagesthe biggest rivalry in sports? Of course nothing ruins a good family sporting event like a bunch of out of control intoxicated fans. Alcohol presents nothing but foul language, fights, possible DUI’s and car accidents. The presence of alcohol only puts the public at risk at the expense of giving people entertainment by being under the influence. Having alcohol present at collegiate sporting events is not only unnecessary, but it’s more of a nuisance than anything else. When you’re at a gameRead MoreTo What Extent Should The Drinking Age Be Lowered?867 Words   |  4 PagesIt is no secret that underage drinking is rampant in the United States. Though it’s illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to buy or possess alcohol, people under the age of 21 accounts for 17.5% of consumer spending for alcohol nationwide and 90% of that is consumed through binge drinking (Tracy). According to the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about 9.3 million Americans between ages 12-20 report current alcohol consumption (Distillers Fighting). With alcohol being one the most commonlyRead MoreEssay on Effects of Alcohol Advertisements on Youth1149 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Two teens dead and another hospitalized after a single car crash and police say that drinking and driving was the cause,† the news reporter continued. â€Å"Fifteen is no age to die!† Will exclaimed. â€Å"Fifteen is no age to drink and drive either,† added Oskar. â€Å"What persuades these ‘little doves’ to drink?† Susan asked. â€Å"I would blame the alcohol advertisements for that,† answered Oskar. â€Å"Hahaha....are you out of your mind? How can advertisements persuade someone to drink? You can surely think of somethingRead MoreCause and Effect of Underage Drinking780 Words   |  4 Pagesthis paper I will exam the causes of underage drinking and they effects that this may place on the individual, their families, and society. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Young people begin to take risks and experiment as they transition from childhood to adulthood. Without support and guidance, some young people may engage in behaviors that place them and others at risk Ââ€" including using alcohol. (Youth and Underage Drinking: An Overview, 2004). As aRead More Lowering the Drinking Age Appears to be Best Solution Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesLowering the Drinking Age Appears to be Best Solution Despite offering many solutions to the ongoing problem of underage drinking, there seems to be no chance for a law to pass that will lower the drinking age. Pete Coors of Coors Brewing Co. ran for senator in the Colorado election and campaigned that he was not pushing to lower the drinking age, however many of his quotes are not consistent with this point of view. No matter what the ultimate decision is for the drinking age, fake IDs and parentsRead MoreAlcoholism Is An Epidemic Of Alcoholism1492 Words   |  6 Pages It’s no secret that alcoholism is an epidemic. Anyone can fall prisoner to its call. Alcoholism knows no gender, no age, and no race. Alcoholism is an addiction to alcohol. This addiction is not a joke, or a reason to shame others. Its effects on people can be fatal. Alcoholism has claimed the lives of many people. Not always in the same way, but all the same a life lost. The way that some people lose their lives is listed as following: they lose their family, friends, homes, jobs, and etc. now

Computer Networks And The Network - 1481 Words

Computer Networks Network is between two or more computers connected each other they can exchange data. For example a network allows computers to share files, users to message each other. Computer network topology is the way various components of a network for example (link, connect) which is different systems and nodes are connected and communicate with each other. A network is a set of devices, software, and cables that enables the exchange of information between them. Host devices are computers, servers, laptops, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), or anything a person uses to access the network. A topology describes the layout of a network. There are several topologies (Star, Ring, Bus and mesh). A Computer network consists of†¦show more content†¦LAN configuration consists of: O A file server - stores all of the software that controls the network, as well as the software that can be shared by the computers attached to the network. O A workstation - computers connected to the file server (Mac or PCs). These are less powerful than the file server O Cables - used to connect the network interface cards in each computer. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) covers larger geographic areas, such as cities. Often used by local libraries and government agencies often to connect to citizens and private industries. WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect larger geographic areas, such as London, the UK, or the world. In this type of network dedicated transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be used. ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK †¢ Speed. Sharing and transferring files within Networks are very rapid. Thus saving time, while maintaining the integrity of the file. †¢ Cost. Individually licensed copies of many popular software programs can be costly. Networkable versions are available at considerable savings. Shared programs, on a network allows for easier upgrading of the program on one single file server, instead of upgrading individual workstations. †¢ Security. Sensitive files and programs on a network are passwords protected (established for specific directories to restrict access to authorized users) or designated as copy

Nestle Corporate Business Marketing Principles Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Principle for Nestle. Answer: Introduction Nestle is a vibrant company that provides a broad range of products to the customers, which represent global standards. The organisation is highly dedicated to the long- term goals with sustainable growth and satisfaction of the shareholders. The reputation of Nestle has expanded greatly, which indicates that the company is doing very well globally. According to Bahadir et al. (2015), Nestle always believes in establishing a benchmark in the food industry. Such a standard is demarcated by providing healthy and nutritious food to the customers. The company integrated a well-structured marketing communication, which inclines a clear message to the customers. As per the opinion of Helm and Gritsch (2014), every organisation needs to grow a clarity in the marketing objectives and follow the strategies to obtain the goals. Nestle also plans scientifically to formulate the best-accepted marketing strategies. The main aim of the firm is to serve the customers with proficient goods and to maintain the standard. The company always try to design innovative marketing strategies for both local as well as international market place. The RD department of Nestle undergo market segmentation process to understand the customer behaviour and needs. The objective of such innovations is to acquire and retain the customers and make the huge profit. Evaluation of Marketing Mix The marketing mix of Nestle confers the 7Ps, which aids the firm to be the strongest FMCG companies of the world. The marketing mix of Nestle boosts up, due to the presence of high product line. The various elements of marketing mix are as follows:- Product Being the world's largest healthy and nutritious food company, it has almost six thousand products, which is widespread in range. Nearly all the daily use goods and occasionally used commodities are a part of Nestle. Several tactical business units within Nestle manage the large food products. The groups segregated the products mainly in 4 categories to maintain the standard and ease in manufacturing the products. The categories are including beverages, milk and dairy products, chocolates and prepared dishes and cooking aids. According to Dominici (2009), these classes are then subdivided into several sections as per the customer choices including different sizes and flavours. Before introducing the products in the market, the RD department undergoes a series of screening. This process includes food processing, micro- analytical research and proper checking of delivery activities so that the customers would get a good commodity. The UHT treatments and tempting and great lasting tetra packaging are the measures for packaging of milk products. The priority of Nestle is to give quality nutrition, and various information is provided on the packages so that customers can check as per preferences. The maintenance of high quality made Nestle as one of the most appreciable company without much complaint in the market. Price The key factor of success of Nestle in the international market is due to the flexible prices of the products (www.theseus.fi, 2014). The company fixes the price, which is reliant on the market for each product. The marketing strategies of Nestle consist of wide-ranging of pricing strategy, which allows them to maintain the prices at a sustainable phase. For example, Maggi and Nescafe are the clear leaders of the market and are priced with high margins for the firm even after the competition. Such pricing becomes possible because the quality of the products is exquisite. Thus, the skimming price will not affect the customer to switch the brands. In addition to this system, Nestle also keeps the prices affordable to almost all the layers of customers. For example, in the case of beverages, the fruit juices are available for the low economy class while the costly tin packed beverages are also doing well. The potency of pricing for Nestle comes from the exclusive packaging. The company offers a variety of sizes and package options. As the market share leader, Nestle enjoys economies of sales, production cost and flexible price distribution help to stand out even in competitions. Other products like KitKat and Munch face competitions from other companies, which is backed up by the competitive pricing. Thus, with such vast varieties, the customers can make own buying decisions as per the requirements. Placement The company follows the FMCG style of distribution that involves breaching the bulk. This system helps the firm to work worldwide. The company has a large number of operating centres that are being run in almost 86 countries. The sales occur globally and impulsively. The products of Nestle have the central business area in Europe, from where nearly 90% of sales and revenues generate. According to Bliss and Cooke (2011), the products are not directly launched in the market but are introduced systematically. The company follows an organised pattern of distribution that includes manufacturing, CF agents, distribution, wholesalers, retailers and finally consumers. Nestle always look forward to expanding the outlets. Thus, the broad range of products is available in maximum stores. Promotion Nestle have the constructive planning department that works for the promotion of the brand. The management is always ready to pay multiples of the estimated sum. According to Richter (2012), Nestle embraced push and pull strategy. Through advertisement, the company creates a demand vacuum that persuades the customers to buy the products. Additionally, the firm utilises the distribution's sales forces and trade promotional activities to push the brands through electronic and print media. The advertisements along with alluring figurations of the brand always prove superior. Thus, it can be said that Nestl's publications pull the consumers from the market. People To achieve competitive advantage, Nestle always promotes internal marketing to attain maximum performance from the employees. The recruitment teams of the company are decentralised, well- selected and locally responsive. Due to the diverse working environment enable the staffs to respond appropriately and minimise the consequence of cultural variations. There are some non-negotiable standards for the suppliers, agents, etc. to ensure high customer services. According to Powers and Loyka (2010), almost 95% of jobs are filled by internal promotion, which motivates the employees to a great extent. The competitive system of wages and benefits are present for the employees which are highly encouraging. Process The customers have authority to contact the firm through email or phone with an effective customer relationship management. Through inventory control system, the product is readily available to avoid customer dissatisfaction. The manufacturing department works constructively to prevent any stoppage in the process of production. This active participation helps the organisation to maintain a continuous supply in the outlets. Physical Evidence The company always introduce the nutrition levels on the packages of the products to give real hints to the customers (www.nestle.com, 2014). For example, the packaging of Cerelac contains nutrition table with "stage indicators" and infant formula to help the mothers to take the right decision. This step helps the customers to develop awareness and loyalty. Short- Term Perspectives The company's immediate perspective is to provide the clients with proper nutrition, health and wellness. To fulfil this criterion, the managers are continuously trying to adopt such strategies that can provide welfare to the customers. According to Manna and Smith (2011), the main aim of the management of Nestle to provide a healthier lifestyle. The administration adopted the industry- leading research and developmental drives to bring highly innovative products. Also, there is a regular renovation of the food and beverage portfolio to attract the new customers and retain the client loyalty. The researchers of Nestle are always exploring the role of nutritional therapies to improve the health of the customers and also help to maintain (Chaffey and Smith, 2012). The company is also taking initiatives to share the insights on global nutrition and health challenges. This initiative builds a partnership and engages the various stakeholders to strive a positive impact on the societies wh ere the company operates. The marketing managers also make strategies that can empower the public to make effective buying decisions. The Management also initiated many health care programs to guide the parents more systematically (Dang, 2014). The interactive and science based instruction program "start healthy and stay healthy" help the parents to provide newborn kids with balanced nutrition. The United for healthier kids program carries this ahead and aids the caregivers to establish healthier eating and drinking habits. The company also works vigorously to encourage the physical activity along with the healthy eating practices. Additionally, the company also delivers the commitment to reduce the use of salt, sugar and saturated fats in the products and eliminate the trans fats. The firm is also trying to enhance the portion guidance and get better labelling and printing GDAs ( Guideline Daily Amounts) so that the customers can quickly read the specifications (Goi, 2009). Thus, the firm always keeps on acc elerate the strategies so that the customer's well-being can be achieved. Long- Term Perspectives According to Codita and Belz (2010), it is vital for every organisation to correlate the marketing objectives with the corporate strategies. The management of the firm always strives to meet the rapid- changing expectations of the customers. It is very critical for the organisation to maintain a sustainable growth and trust in the minds of the customers. The management of Nestle always concerns about maintaining the reputation and goodwill in the market. After the food contamination issue in Australia, the management becomes more conscious towards the customer healthcare issues. The managers of various departments work in a synchronised manner to adopt a public friendly system. The main aim of adopting such strategies is to attract more people and to retain the previous customers. The firm cares deeply about the food safety and quality in a sustainable way. It is imperative to behave responsibly in various operational activities to bring accuracy and standard. As per the opinion of J ackson (2009), it is the fundamental belief of the company to thrive the long term perspective by creating value for the shareholders. At the same time, the value is created for the society also. The another objective of the company is to ensure the Nestl's name to be identical to the products of supreme quality to hold the customer base. It is also essential for the firm to embrace the client loyalty for prolong period. Recently, the reports showed that the organisation is pursuing the policy of diversification and spreading out through divestment and acquisition. The system is adopted to accomplish a more even-handed structure to the business. Another aspect of the adoption of such policies is to provide the consumers with more innovative products so that the customer's choices can get preferences. According to Polo and Cambra (2007), with the implementation of integrated marketing communication (IMC), the firm's ability to reach the right customers has improved. Thus, it becomes easy for the company to send right messages to consumers at the right time to preserve the customers and increase the value proposition rate. Conclusion After evaluating the above study, a conclusion has been drawn that Nestle formulates critical marketing strategies to monitor and analyse the success. Nestle emerged as one of the market leaders in the food industry with the adoption of different marketing strategy. The company maintains the quality and possesses a flexible product line. The prices of the products are fixed in a way that suits almost all levels of consumers. The flexible pricing strategy makes the brand suitable and favourable for everyone. The company also follows a systematic criterion during the introduction of the products to avoid inaccuracy. The attractive advertisements generate a demand vacuum by the people that push the consumers to approach the commodities. According to Pornpitakpan (2010), the firm has a good reputation in the global market, which summarises that majority of users use Nestl's products. The short-term perspective of the company is to maintain the quality of the goods so that the wellness of the consumers can be valued. The aim of the management is to provide a healthier lifestyle with innovative product and safe packaging. However, in the long run, the company follows strategies to attract more customers and retaining the previous ones. Therefore, values are given to the various shareholders to bring a sustainable growth and development. References Bahadir, S.C., Bharadwaj, S.G. and Srivastava, R.K. (2015) Marketing mix and brand sales in global markets: Examining the contingent role of country-market characteristics, Journal of International Business Studies, 46(5), pp. 596619. Bliss, T.V.P. and Cooke, S.F. (2011) Long-term potentiation and long-term depression: A clinical perspective, Clinics, 66, pp. 317. Chaffey, D. and Smith, P. (2012) Emarketing excellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. 4th edn. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. Codita, R. and Belz, F.-M. (2010) Contingency factors of marketing-mix standardization: German consumer goods companies in central and eastern Europe. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag / Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Wiesbaden. Dang, T. (2014) The success of applying marketing mix 4Ps in Vietnamese dairy industry Vinamilk a typical case. Available at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/85926/Dang_Truc.pdf?sequence=1 (Accessed: 26 September 2016). Dominici, G. (2009) From marketing mix to e-marketing mix: A literature overview and classification, International Journal of Business and Management, 4(9). Goi, C.L. (2009) A review of marketing mix: 4Ps or more?, International Journal of Marketing Studies, 1(1). Hajiheydari, N. and Khakbaz, S.B. (2015) Assessment of long-term effects of marketing mix policies:, International Journal of Systems and Society, 2(2), pp. 122. Helm, R. and Gritsch, S. (2014) Examining the influence of uncertainty on marketing mix strategy elements in emerging business to business export-markets, International Business Review, 23(2), pp. 418428. Jackson, A. (2009) Can social marketing bring about long-term behaviour change?, Perspectives in Public Health, 129(6), pp. 260261. Manna, D.R. and Smith, A.D. (2011) Measuring the theoretical paradigm shift from marketing mix to relational marketing, International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 2(11). Nestle (2014) Available at: https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/strategy (Accessed: 26 September 2016). Polo Redondo, Y. and Cambra Fierro, J.J. (2007) Importance of company size in long term orientation of supply function: An empirical research, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 22(4), pp. 236248. Pornpitakpan, C. (2010) The effect of option choice framing on short-term regret from actions/inactions: Implications for marketing strategies, Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 18(3), pp. 132137. Powers, T.L. and Loyka, J.J. (2010) Adaptation of marketing mix elements in international markets, Journal of Global Marketing, 23(1), pp. 6579. Richter, T. (2012) International marketing mix management: Theoretical framework, contingency factors and empirical findings from world-markets. Berlin: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH.

John Donne Essay Example For Students

John Donne Essay John Donne uses poetry to explore his own identity, express his feelings, and most of all; he uses it to deal with the personal experiences occurring in his life. Donnes poetry is a confrontation or struggle to find a place in this world, or rather, a role to play in a society from which he often finds himself detached or withdrawn. His intellectual knottiness, his stress on poetry as speech rather than song, and his intense and irregular rhythms all required a good deal of getting used to, and there were many who could not or would not adjust their ears and minds to the wealth that his poetry contains. I am compelled to write about John Donne not just by the works that he has accomplished, but also because of his life full of struggle and the wonderful literature that he was able to produce during his life. John Donne was born in England, the exact date of his birth is unknown but it is believed to be in the early year of 1572. He was the third child to be born out of family that eventually grew to 7 children. However, tragically only 3 of the children lived into maturity. His father, also John Donne, was a respected and prosperous ironmonger of the Welsh descent. His mother was Elizabeth Donne (Heywood), whose father ironically was the writer of many interludes, John Heywood. John Heywood participated in the development of British Drama before Shakespeare did. Heywoods wife was the Granddaughter of the sister of Sir Thomas More (just a little interesting fact). Donne was born into the Catholic faith and when Pope Pius V excommunicated Queen Elizabeth 1 in 1570, his family along with all other catholic followers was subject to discrimination and persecution. His family was looked down upon and was so brutally persecuted that John Heywood eventually recanted his own faith, his two sons w ho were Jesuit Priest soon left their homeland of England to practice their faith elsewhere. At the age of 4, in 1576, Donnes father suddenly died leaving his wife to raise her young children. Within 6 months of his fathers death, Elizabeth Donne remarried to Dr. Symmings. This at the time was not unusual for a widow with young children to remarry quickly to hopes to prevent government intervention. Symmings was a London medical practitioner who held degrees from Oxford and the University of Bologna, and who twice served as President of the Royal College of Physicians. At a very young age Donne was privately taught, some believe that Jesuits possibly taught him because of Donnes vast knowledge of science and logic, but this is uncertain. In 1584, John, age twelve, and his brother Henry, age 11, enrolled at Hart Hall, Oxford. During this period, this was no unusual for children this young to attend college, their mother especially wished them to complete school by the age of sixteen due to the fact that by the age of sixteen all students had to swear their life to the Anglican Church, thereby hoping that if they could finish their schooling they would not have to dedicate their faith the Anglican Church and could continue to practice the Roman Catholic religion. After 3 years at Oxford, Donne decided that he didnt feel as though he was adjusting, so he transferred to the more liberal college of Cambridge. There was a problem however, since he was Catholic he wasnt allowed to receive a degree. In 1591, both John and Henry enrolled into the Thavies Inn in London; this was a Prep Law School. On May 6th, 1592, John was accepted to the Law School at Lincolns Inn. He continued his schooling at Lincolns Inn for several years, though it was never known if he ever received his Law Degree. The year of 1593 may have been the most devastating year for the young John Donne. His brother was imprisoned at Newgate Prison for harboring a Catholic Priest. During his time in jail Henry developed a fever that was never treated, the fever turned out to be the symptoms of the plague that was spreading across the countryside, he eventually, and slowly succumbed to death. John was emotionally wrecked and felt a since of guilt because he thought as though he was a coward for not showing the same courage and honor that his brother did. This is where many of Johns struggles begin, and also end. Anne Frank EssayThough trapped in a church and religion that he hated and despised, Donne created some of his greatest works during his period as a Deacon. The sequence of Holy Sonnets shows that in his devotional poetry he was no less witty, original, and even shocking, as in the conclusion of Batter my heart, than he had been as a love poet. In his famous series of sermons, Donne displayed a continual sense of guilt and remorse. The inter-conflict and struggle lead to a self-hatred and disregard for his own self. He felt as though he had betrayed his faith and began to destroy his life. To add to his personal anguish, after 16 years of marriage and after 12 children, Anne passed away giving birth sometime during the month of August of 1617. Only 7 of her children were alive at the time of her death. Donnes wifes death in 1617 was a prolific source of inspiration for Donnes poetry. Another Holy Sonnet, XVII, is entirely dedicated to her loving memory. Once again he presents his be lief of death as a mere transitory stage between the earthly and eternal life, and appears to be resigned to his fate. According to him, Anne has paid her last debt on earth. Her absence is not a cause for concern or pain, for her soul early into heaven ravished/Wholly in heavenly is my mind set. That is, her death has been beneficial, since it has allowed her to join God in the afterlife while freeing him from earthly concerns. Therefore, Donne profits from her death since he is able to concentrate his thoughts and love on God. By ascending to the skies, Anne ceases to be competition against the higher being for Donnes affection, although, as the end will prove, this does not assure his or her well being. Donne was left to raise he young children on his own because of his decision not to remarry. He life was dedicated to Anne and could not allow himself to feel the touch of another woman. In 1621, Donne became Dean of St. Pauls Church in London. Despite his deteriorating health, he held this position with distinction and growing fame, owing in large part to his eloquent sermons. Johns life was also threatened, Donne suffered a severe illness in 1623 and during his recovery began to write his Devotions, which was an acknowledgement of mortality, but he returned to his work in 1624 as vicar of St Dunstans-in-the-West, where one of his admiring parishioners was Izaak Walton. Donne was beginning to run down; his health was precarious by 1630 and on the first Friday of Lent, February 12th, 1631, he preached his last and most famous sermon, Deaths Duel, in the presence of King Charles 1; he knew that he was dying. The end came on 31 March 1631. Two years after his death, in 1633, the first volume of his poetry was published. Donnes poetry went out of fashion about the time of the Restoration, but he had effectively taken English verse out of the too-settled form of fluency and ease to which the Elizabethan fashion seemed to have directed it. His poetry is sharper and more concentrated and hardly seems to belong to the period at all. At his best he is remarkable, but his best was not consistent and readers coming to him for the first time may well be irritated by the self-conscious intellectual display, which are present in his poetry no less than in his prose and seem to be his resort when he is writing at less than his highest level. But his highest level gives him, indisputably, the rank of a major poet. Bibliography:

An Introduction to Anasazi Puebloan Societies

An Introduction to Anasazi Puebloan Societies Anasazi is the archaeological term used to describe prehistoric Puebloan peoples of the Four Corners region of the American Southwest. This term was used to distinguish their culture from other Southwestern groups like the Mogollon and Hohokam. A further distinction in Anasazi culture is made by archaeologists and historians between Western and Eastern Anasazi, using the Arizona/New Mexico border as a fairly arbitrary divide. The people who resided in Chaco Canyon are considered Eastern Anasazi. The term Anasazi is an English corruption of a Navajo word meaning Enemy Ancestors or Ancient Ones. Modern Puebloan people prefer to use the term Ancestral Puebloans. Current archaeological literature as well tends to use the phrase Ancestral Pueblo to describe the pre-contact people that lived in this region. Cultural Characteristics Ancestral Puebloan cultures reached their maximum presence between AD 900 and 1130. During this period, the landscape of the entire Southwest was dotted by large and small villages constructed in adobe and stone bricks, built along the canyon walls, the mesa top or hanging over the cliffs. Settlements: The most famous examples of Anasazi architecture are the famous Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde National Parks. These areas contain settlements constructed on the mesa top, at the bottom of the canyon, or along the cliffs. Cliff dwellings are typical of Mesa Verde, whereas Great Houses are typical of Chacoan Anasazi. Pithouses, underground rooms, were also typical dwellings of Ancestral Puebloan people in their earlier times.Architecture: Buildings were usually multistory and clustered near the canyon or cliff walls and were reached through wooden ladders. Anasazi constructed typical round or squared structures, called kivas, which were ceremonial rooms.Landscape: Ancient Puebloan people shaped their landscape in many ways. Ceremonial roads connected Chacoan villages among them and with important landmarks; staircases, like the famous Jackson Staircase, link the bottom of the canyon with the mesa top; irrigation systems provided water for farming and, finally, rock art, such as petroglyphs and pictographs, dots the rocky walls of many sites surrounding, testifying to the ideology and religious beliefs of these peoples. Pottery: Ancestral Puebloans crafted elegant vessels, in different shapes, such as bowls, cylindric vessels, and jars with distinct decorations typical of each Anasazi group. Motifs included both geometric elements as well as animals and humans usually portrayed in dark colors over a cream background, like the famous black-on-white ceramics.Craftwork: Other craft productions in which Ancestral Puebloan excelled were basketry, and turquoise inlay works. Social Organization For most of the Archaic period, people living in the Southwest were foragers. By the beginning of the Common Era, cultivation was widespread and maize became one of the main staples. This period marks the emergence of the typical traits of Puebloan culture. Ancient Puebloan village life was focused on farming  and both productive and ceremonial activities centered around agricultural cycles. Storage of maize and other resources lead to surplus formation, which was re-invested in trading activities and feasting celebrations. Authority was probably held by religious and prominent figures of the community, who had access to food surpluses and imported items. Anasazi Chronology The Anasazi prehistory is divided by archaeologists into two main time frames: Basketmaker (AD 200-750) and Pueblo (AD 750-1600/historic times). These periods span from the beginning of settled life until the Spanish takeover. See the detailed Anasazi timelineSee details on the Rise and Fall of Chaco Canyon Anasazi Archaeological Sites and Issues Penasco BlancoChetro KetlPueblo BonitoChaco CanyonKivaChaco Road System Sources: Cordell, Linda 1997, Archaeology of the Southwest. Second Edition. Academic Press Kantner, John, 2004, Ancient Puebloan Southwest, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Vivian, R. Gwinn Vivian and Bruce Hilpert 2002, The Chaco Handbook. An Encyclopedic Guide, The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City Edited by  K. Kris Hirst

Pythagorean Therom essays

Pythagorean Therom essays When the name Pythagoras is mentioned, most people (who have taken a geometry or another higher mathematics course) automatically think  ¡the Pythagorean Theorem ¡. But what many people do not know is that Pythagoras contributed a lot more than just  ¡a theorem ¡ to the world of mathematics. From traveling to many cities near and far from his birthplace in Samos, Ionia (569 B.C.), to having a mysterious unknown death, Pythagoras has been placed above many mathematicians as the  ¡ first pure mathematician. ¡ (Cajori, 17) Details of Pythagoras ¡ life are not of those, which have been documented by him, instead information about Pythagoras ¡ life comes from early bibliographies, which were written by authors whom had grown very fond of Pythagoras and his work(s). The information in this paper was pieced together by various sources that had many major facts that repeated throughout the sources. Some resources have other in order facts about Pythagoras that were not found in any supplementary texts or Internet sites. The research that I chose to incorporate in my paper about Pythagoras was based on what seemed valid and credible. Pythagoras ¡ traveling and learning began at an early age, when he would travel out of Samos with his father to conduct business. The childhood of Pythagoras is like that of a lost treasure at the bottom of the ocean ¡s floor. It is almost as if Pythagoras was bore to his parents, but really did not starting living his life until he was between the ages 18 and 20. During those years, Pythagoras was introduced to the  ¡ancient ¡ Thales and his apprentice Anaximander who both lived on Miletus. It is said that Thales did not teach Pythagoras much, however he was the one person to get Pythagoras ¡ interested in mathematics and astronomy. (www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history) During direct instruction, under Thales, Pythagoras was advised to trek to Egypt and teach the citizen...

John Lockes Possible View of Kantian Theory and Utilitarian Theory Essay

John Lockes Possible View of Kantian Theory and Utilitarian Theory Evaluations - Essay Example This established basis of the social contract to ensure peace and order. The Kantian theory identifies rules as a basis for ethics. Established rules define individual’s obligations and an ethical act is one that is consistent with stipulated duty. This identifies a center of power, real as a body that establishes rules or virtual through socially or traditionally created rules. The Kantian theory would demand compliance with established rules that govern patents and respect for rules that established the patenting authority and would justify Grace’s operations under the existing patent (Brooks and Dunn 182- 185; Waluchow 121- 124). The utilitarian theory, however, focuses on consequences of actions and justifies actions that offer net benefits to a majority of members of the society. The theory justifies an act when the act offers net benefits and to more people. Even though the case identifies the development of a beneficial product, patenting the product protects one entity’s rights and prohibits other people from free benefits of the neem product as an insecticide. It also limits use among individuals who could have been using the product in its crude form, under the patient's physical jurisdiction and would, therefore, be unjustified under utilitarian ethics. John Locke would, therefore, support the Kantian evaluation that justifies the rule-based ethics because of the corresponding respect of power in the Kantian theory and Locke’s theory of social contract. The theorist would, however, undermine utilitarian theory’s evaluation because of its susceptibility to selfish interest, based on altruism, which only leads to chaos (Brooks and Dunn 182- 185; Waluchow 121- 124).