The Negro Leagues:History and Baseball Essay -- Baseball History Racis

INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Over the decades, African American teams played 445-recorded games against white teams, winning sixty-one percent of them." (Conrads, pg.8) The Negro Leagues were an alternative baseball group for African American baseball player that were denied the right to play with the white baseball payers in the Major League Baseball Association. In 1920, the first African American League was formed, and that paved the way for numerous African American innovation and movements. Fences, and Jackie Robinson: The Biography, raises consciousness about the baseball players that have been overlooked, and the struggle they had to endure simply because of their color. HISTORY OF THE NEGRO LEAGUES   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a more focused sense, the Negro Leagues were an alternative league all in its own. It was primarily established for African Americans so they could play baseball, since they were prohibited from experiencing any type or activity with whites. The reason this league was separate was because of the Jim Crow laws that had been enacted during the early 1900's, but in an opinionated note, I feel that whites simply didn't want to be outdone by their counterparts - African Americans. They basically stated that African Americans could not participate in any activity with whites, whether it is of public or unsocial nature. These laws displayed the mentality of the time, which inevitably filtered into the realm of baseball; at this point, segregation had gone so far as to prohibit any blacks from merely playing baseball with whites. It was not until 1933, when "a former pitcher, Andrew 'Rube' Foster, formed the first black league, called the Negro National League, which c ontained such teams as the St. Louis Stars, Pittsburgh Crawfords, Philadelphia Stars, New York Lincoln Giants, and the Newark Eagles." Then, "in 1937, the Negro American League was formed to rival the opposing Negro National League that consisted of the Memphis Red Sox, Kansas City Monarchs, Cleveland Buckeyes, Detroit Stars, and the Hilldale Daisies." (What Are†¦Leagues: Internet) The two leagues "continued to go strong until the color line was broken in 1947, when the great Jackie Robinson signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers." Because of this, "†¦the Negro National League folded following the 1948 season and the Negro American League [folded]†¦in 1960." (What Are†¦Leagues: Internet) Moreover, just... ...be an economic strength amongst the African American community. It was said, "By the end of World War II, when they were at their peak, the Negro Leagues were a two million dollar empire." (Conrads, pg. 9) In fact, it was "One of the largest black-dominated business in the country." (Conrads, pg. 9) In fact, it opened up new job opportunities for African Americans as the Negro Leagues gained popularity. It not only acquired money from the African American community, but also from the white community as well; white peoples were infatuated with the "show" that the African Americans put on for them - they thought African Americans playing baseball, was much like a sea - lion juggling. CONCLUSION Although there was a strong sense of inequality amongst the entire American society during this time, African American have prove to be aides in the process of making the game of baseball better for ht future, along with the mentality of the average American. "The African American teams were constant reminder that segregation and inequality existed." (Segregation in Baseball: Internet) What would baseball be without the greats such as Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays, or Ken Griffey Jr.?

Knowing the Culture of India

This paper will review some of the recent literature on the culture of India. This is an important culture to study, because India†s population of more than 900 million makes it one of the most heavily populated countries of the world. India is also important to study because it possesses one of the world†s oldest surviving cultures. In addition, there have long been ties between India and the nations of the West. Beyond these considerations, Indian culture is fascinating to study because it is extremely diverse and complex. Regarding this, Pandian (1995) notes â€Å"the existence of an underlying Indus or Hindu cultural unity (melting pot) which enables us to understand the nature of Hinduism and the caste system† (p. 9). Despite this apparent unity, however, Pandian also points out that â€Å"India is indeed a salad bowl with groups who do not blend or mix, and this fact of non-blending renders the label ‘Indian† meaningless to signify the cultural, linguistic, or religious unity of India† (Pandian, 1995, p. 9). Therefore, the situation of India poses an interesting challenge for anthropological study. Yet another reason why it is important to study Indian culture is because, although many of the nation†s traditions remain strong today, the nation is also undergoing rapid change and development. This paper will examine the diversity that exists in India†s religious beliefs, language, and social and gender roles. It will then conclude with some views on what people should be aware of when they travel to India to do business. In terms of religion, the majority of people in India (80 percent) are followers of the Hindu faith. The concepts of karma and reincarnation are among the predominant beliefs of Hinduism. Karma is the belief that a person†s actions, good or bad, will result in either good or bad things happening in that person†s life. This belief has an effect on behavior because it influences people to treat others, as they themselves would like to be treated. Reincarnation is the belief that a person†s soul will return to an earthly body again and again until it is liberated from the cycle of life and death. The way to become liberated is by becoming increasingly detached from worldly things, a process that is understood to take innumerable lifetimes. Belief in reincarnation has an effect on behavior by giving Indians a more casual attitude toward the demands of time than is found among Westerners (Lewis, 1996, p. 80). Hindus also believe that the goal of reincarnation is to eventually become united with Brahman, the ultimate ground of being, which has no attributes that can be seen or felt. Aside from these basic beliefs, Hindus have a great deal of choice in adapting their own personality to their style of worship. There are different spiritual paths that can be chosen, depending upon whether the worshipper is more disposed to work, devotion or knowledge. In addition, there are hundreds of different deities, both gods and goddesses, that a worshipper can choose from in picking a â€Å"personal god. † The personal god is meant to provide a focus for worship and devotion and to thus help the believer become more aligned with the impersonal god known as Brahman. Even after choosing a personal deity, Hindus still have flexibility in their style of worship. According to Pandian (1995), â€Å"a Hindu may change the focus of worship, emphasizing the worship of different deities in relation to changes in his or her own intellectual/emotional growth, or may remain devoted to the worship of a particular deity† (p. 56). Although there is a great deal of flexibility in Hinduism, it restricts behavior in certain ways because there are many rituals and obligations that must be consistently followed. In addition to the village temples where people gather to worship, each Hindu home has its own shrine for the purpose of worshipping the family deity. Religion is such a pervasive influence in India that Potter (1989) says: â€Å"The daily life of a Hindu villager involves frequent reminders of traditional norms† (p. 338). The Hindu system has also affected behavior because the belief in karma and reincarnation has supported the Indian caste system, in which it is understood that different classes of people have distinctly different roles in life. There is even more diversity in Indian language than there is in the country†s religion. Hindi is the official language of the nation; however, as Mehta (1993) points out, â€Å"it is understood by only forty per cent – or, at most, fifty per cent – of the population† (p. 459). In addition to Hindi, â€Å"there are fourteen officially recognized regional languages, two hundred and fifty major dialects, and thousands of minor languages and dialects,† and many of these are â€Å"completely unrelated to one another† (Mehta, 1993, pp. 458-459). Throughout India†s history, there have been efforts among intellectuals and scholars to develop â€Å"a common pan-Indian religious or political language† (Pandian, 1995, p. 8). Over the course of time, the official national language has changed from Sanskrit to Persian to English to Hindi. Although it seems like a positive thing to try to develop an official language for the nation as a whole, this effort has also resulted in enforcing the social divisions of the Indian people. Pandian (1995) notes that the people of India are required to know how to speak Hindi fluently if they are to obtain successful jobs. As Pandian further notes, this has created an unfair advantage for the 40 percent or so of the total population that consists of native Hindi speakers (p. 34). The social roles of the Indian culture are strongly impacted by the traditional caste system. According to this system, there are four main classes, ranked hierarchically: the priests, the warriors, the merchants and artists, and the servants. In addition to these four major groupings, there are also numerous smaller occupational class groupings, known as jatis. In the words of Madan (1989), castes and families are â€Å"the building blocks of Hindu society,† and â€Å"an overwhelming majority of the Hindus of South Asia, particularly those living in the rural areas, identify themselves in terms of their jati or caste† (p. 64). As a general rule, people never leave the caste they are born into. They tend to marry within the same caste, and sons tend to adopt the occupations of their fathers. Despite the prevalence of the caste system in Indian culture, however, Pandian (1995) points out that the system is more complex than it appears on the surface. Thus, anthropological studies of Indian village communities â€Å"have shown the existence of multiple labels of caste identity and multiple levels of caste ranking† (p. 209). There are also controversial views regarding gender roles in India. According to Azad (1996), working women in India are subject to oppression, poverty and poor health, and they basically live in an â€Å"environment of powerlessness† (p. 220). Indeed, Indian women must contend with such things as arranged marriages, female infanticide and wife abuse, among many other things. On the other hand, Seymour (1999) argues that respect is also given to women in India, especially when they undertake the role of motherhood. This sense of honor is enhanced by the religious beliefs of Hinduism, in which female deities are seen as being the source of power for the male deities. Because of the high status of motherhood and the belief in powerful goddesses, Seymour (1999) says â€Å"female power and authority is real in both secular and sacred contexts† (p. 281). Seymour further claims that there have been signs of change in recent years in terms of gender relationships in India. She reports, for example, that recent studies have shown an increasing number of Indian women taking â€Å"post marital residence in nuclear households where they can be independent of in-laws and have a more intimate relationship with their husbands† (p. 289). Seymour also emphasizes that the restrictions of Indian culture do not only affect women, but the nation†s men as well. Because of caste and religious obligations, â€Å"men also have a series of roles and life stages through which they must move, and they are also expected to control their personal desires for the sake of the collective whole† (Seymour, 1999, p. 280). After attaining independence from colonization, India, within a span of 50 years emerged as one of the fastest developing economies in the world. Ranking as the seventh largest country in area and second in population. She is also the largest democracy in the world. She is the world's second largest producer of rice, world†s largest exporter of tea, jute and computer programmes. She is the third largest manufacturer of motor scooters, the second largest exporter of booster rockets for the space industry, and the second largest center in Asia for low-tech subcontracting and the development of offshore software. On the Economic front, it adopted a Mixed Economic policy on the five-year plan basis. India chalked out a plan for her economic growth in a protective manner. She made major steps forward in improving agricultural output and her industries have expanded to the stage, where she is one among the world's top 10 industrial powers. However, after 1990, India opened her door for liberalization and now the economic growth is approximately 6% per annum. When people travel to India to do business, it is important for them to be aware of the unique characteristics of the nation†s culture. Because India has long had ties to the West, there are many ways in which business relations between Indians and Westerners can be expected to go smoothly. However, Indians also have certain differences in their business style that are related to their cultural and religious beliefs. Belief in the importance of the soul†s liberation, for example, causes many Indians to have a less materialistic orientation than their Western counterparts. Belief in karma has the effect of causing many Indians to have a heightened awareness of right and wrong. Regarding the way belief in reincarnation affects the Hindu perspective on time, Lewis (1996) warns the Western business traveler that Indians often show â€Å"little respect for punctuality† (p. 80). The relatively low social status of Indian women has an impact on how women are viewed in the world of Indian business. According to Lewis (1996), business travelers should also understand that the Western value of individualism â€Å"contrasts with Indian collectivism† (p. 80). Despite the differences in business style between Westerners and Indians, however, Lewis points out that Indians can be shrewd negotiators when they want to be. In business dealings, Indians do not hold Westerners â€Å"in awe,† and they are quite capable of using â€Å"acting skills† in order to negotiate on behalf of themselves or their families (Lewis, 1996, p. 80).

The Death Of A Police Officer - 913 Words

On Aug. 9, 2014, two unarmed teenagers were walking the streets of Ferguson, a suburb of St. Louis. The names of the two unarmed teenagers were Michael Brown and his friend Dorian Johnson. All of sudden a police officer named Darren Wilson rushes towards them in his police car and begins to tell them to get on the ground. The boys had committed no crime and were only one mile from their destination, they were simply trying to get home and off the streets. Things escalated and the officer pulled out his gun and told them that he would shoot them. As he was saying these words the officer pulled the trigger and shot Michael Brown. Both of the boys started sprinting away from Officer Wilson. The officer continued to pursue Michael Brown and then the unthinkable happened. Dorian Johnson says in an interview, He shot again, and once my friend felt that shot, he turned around and he put his hands in the air and he started to get down, but the officer still approached with his weapon drawn, and he fired several more shots. Michael Brown was shot dead. The shooting immediately caused riots around the community of Ferguson for weeks. This story is one of the many examples of what is called biased based policing. The officer chose to do what he did because of his racial bias. Not all biased based policing is sparked by racial bias but it is one of the bigger issues. The main issue is figuring out what needs to be fixed in order to refrain from instances like the one in Ferguson.Show MoreRelatedThe And Death Of A Police Officer Essay1955 Words   |  8 Pagesbe the difference between the life and death of a police officer. When officers are pressured into making quick decisions and the policy of the police department makes them wait for something to happen before they extend their force can mean that they wait too long suffer from that. Officers are trained to think on the spot and they know what they are looking out for when they encounter someone on the street. An impro per use of force policy restricts officers to using minimal force in order to subdueRead MoreThe Death Of The Police Officer Wilson1368 Words   |  6 Pageschange in society. Ferguson, Missouri the town where 18-year-old Michael Brown, an unarmed black man, was killed by Officer Wilson, a white police officer on August 9, 2014. Protest had begun in Ferguson, but many of the protester were nonviolent and felt the police were racially profiling black men. Three months later, the Grand Jury released its verdict to not indict Officer Wilson. The verdict led to protests that became violent quickly. 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People are frustrated about the killings of unarmed citizens and how it seems every officer can get away with killing an unarmed suspect. Back in 1994 a law was passed that required the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to record date on police involved shooting and deaths by police officers. Except where are the numbersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Henry Jr. From Easton, Ma, And The New York Police Officer1472 Words   |  6 PagesFour years ago Danroy â€Å"DJ† henry Jr. from Easton, Ma, was killed by a New york police officer. Since then the nation seen the death of trayvon Martin who was kiilled by a neighborhood watch volunteer and Michael brown who recently just got killed by a policeman in Ferguson, Missoury. However, the story of Eric Garner is shown to be an ongoing issue between Eric Garner a nd the New york police department weeks prior to the incident. 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Politicians on the other hand have forgotten what law enforcement is all about and have instead given tax payers an tremendously expensive way to deal with crime. Politicians fail to realize that instead of using that money to support the death penalty we could be using that money to advance law enforcement. The police chiefs feel thatRead MoreA Research Paper On Police Brutality1411 Words   |  6 Pagesover by a police officer. The cop walked up to the vehicle and Tyrone’s dad asked the officer why he was pulled over. Then the cop asked Blue, Tyrone s dad, to step out the car so he stepped out the car and the officer searched him. After that Blue tried to take off his jacket but the officer thought he had a gun and pulled out his weapon and shot Blue in his face in front of his 10 year old son. Blue was rushed to the hospital he was in critical condition, Blue died later that night. Police shouldn’tRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States1376 Words   |  6 Pagesprominent at this time in social media and mainstream media is the presence of police brutality in the United States. Two instances in the news recently are the disputes that resulted in the deaths of Eric Garner and Michael Brown. On July 17, 2014, a plainclothes officer for the New York Police Department stopped Eric Garner on the street and attempted to take him into custody. After Garner resisted arrest, the police officer placed him in an apparent chokehold—a move that is banned by the NYPD. InRead MoreParanoid Style Of Police Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesasked yourself what it would be like to become a police officer. Becoming a police officer isn’t an easy take because they have to risk their life everyday to protect and serve the community. They have to go through the dangers of arresting criminals when there is a chance that they could die. However, in today’s society only a small amount of police officers actually serve their community and protect citizens from danger. Right now, most police officers abuse their power to the point where they don’t

Alcohol Advertising The Cause of Underage Drinking...

Alcohol Advertising: The Cause of Underage Drinking? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The question, â€Å"Is alcohol advertising the cause of underage drinking?† seems to flow through the minds of many American families. The answer to the question largely depends upon the families view on drinking in general. Some homes encourage drinking every once in a while, for social purposes; while others condemn it all together. The topic is very controversial with several factors weighing in such as religion, family background, and health. Despite the differing views, statistics have shown that underage drinking has reached a new height this past year. What is the cause of this rise in adolescent drinking? I will be reviewing the work of four†¦show more content†¦Kate feels that advertisements are okay if they are portrayed to the right audience. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kate feels that advertisements are acceptable if they are placed in areas which reach an â€Å"audience made up of at least 70% of adults over 21.† In his eyes advertisers are making significant changes in their plans in order to reduce the problem of underage drinking. Hacker and Suriano’s opinions differ from Kate’s, they believe that the advertisers know the large amounts of money brought in from the youth and place them as their target audience. Suriano states, â€Å"they know the mind of their audience and communicate effectively.† Hacker and Suriano’s ideas of the target audience differ, however. Suriano believes alcohol companies draw females to their advertisements by fashioning attitudes, behaviors, and physical attractiveness of drinkers. She says that females are â€Å"more vulnerable to imitate the attractive model shown on the television holding the drink.† Hacker feels differently and believes that throu gh the use of athletes and celebrities industries are targeting African Americans. Berta believes they â€Å"are not deliberately targeting the youth.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hacker feels that the alcohol industries are in fact targeting youth and are willing to say,Show MoreRelatedAlcohol Advertising: the Cause of Underage Drinking? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesLinzay Workman Advanced Composition Rose Bunch Paper 3: Literature Review Alcohol Advertising: The Cause of Underage Drinking? The question, Is alcohol advertising the cause of underage drinking? seems to flow through the minds of many American families. The answer to the question largely depends upon the families view on drinking in general. Some homes encourage drinking every once in a while, for social purposes; while others condemn it all together. The topic is very controversialRead MoreEssay on Alcohol Advertising1655 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol Advertising Exposure to alcohol advertising is an everyday occurrence. Alcohol advertising is persuasive not only to adults but to those who are too young to buy alcohol legally. Although parents and peers have a large impact on youth decisions to drink, marketing also has a significant impact by influencing the attitudes of parents and peers and helping to create an environment that promotes underage drinking. Alcohol companies focus billions of dollars on advertising their productsRead MoreAlcohol Advertising Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol Advertising Exposure to alcohol advertising is an everyday occurrence. Alcohol advertising is persuasive not only to adults but to those who are too young to buy alcohol legally. Although parents and peers have a large impact on youth decisions to drink, marketing also has a significant impact by influencing the attitudes of parents and peers and helping to create an environment that promotes underage drinking. Alcohol companies focus billions of dollars on advertising their productsRead MoreUnderage Drinking As A New Phenomenon1475 Words   |  6 PagesUnderage drinking in the US is one of the social issues, which has been responsible for numerous economic losses, accidents, deaths and crimes. Youth have become actively involved in drinking abuse, where they lose their sense of understanding and comprehension. To eradicate the social issue of underage drinking, numerous strategies have been implemented by the US government, where some of them were successful, while others were not able to produce significant reduction in underage drinking. TodayRead MoreEssay on Kill the Buzz1250 Words   |  5 Pagesthe biggest rivalry in sports? Of course nothing ruins a good family sporting event like a bunch of out of control intoxicated fans. Alcohol presents nothing but foul language, fights, possible DUI’s and car accidents. The presence of alcohol only puts the public at risk at the expense of giving people entertainment by being under the influence. Having alcohol present at collegiate sporting events is not only unnecessary, but it’s more of a nuisance than anything else. When you’re at a gameRead MoreTo What Extent Should The Drinking Age Be Lowered?867 Words   |  4 PagesIt is no secret that underage drinking is rampant in the United States. Though it’s illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to buy or possess alcohol, people under the age of 21 accounts for 17.5% of consumer spending for alcohol nationwide and 90% of that is consumed through binge drinking (Tracy). According to the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about 9.3 million Americans between ages 12-20 report current alcohol consumption (Distillers Fighting). With alcohol being one the most commonlyRead MoreEssay on Effects of Alcohol Advertisements on Youth1149 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Two teens dead and another hospitalized after a single car crash and police say that drinking and driving was the cause,† the news reporter continued. â€Å"Fifteen is no age to die!† Will exclaimed. â€Å"Fifteen is no age to drink and drive either,† added Oskar. â€Å"What persuades these ‘little doves’ to drink?† Susan asked. â€Å"I would blame the alcohol advertisements for that,† answered Oskar. â€Å"Hahaha....are you out of your mind? How can advertisements persuade someone to drink? You can surely think of somethingRead MoreCause and Effect of Underage Drinking780 Words   |  4 Pagesthis paper I will exam the causes of underage drinking and they effects that this may place on the individual, their families, and society. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Young people begin to take risks and experiment as they transition from childhood to adulthood. Without support and guidance, some young people may engage in behaviors that place them and others at risk Ââ€" including using alcohol. (Youth and Underage Drinking: An Overview, 2004). As aRead More Lowering the Drinking Age Appears to be Best Solution Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesLowering the Drinking Age Appears to be Best Solution Despite offering many solutions to the ongoing problem of underage drinking, there seems to be no chance for a law to pass that will lower the drinking age. Pete Coors of Coors Brewing Co. ran for senator in the Colorado election and campaigned that he was not pushing to lower the drinking age, however many of his quotes are not consistent with this point of view. No matter what the ultimate decision is for the drinking age, fake IDs and parentsRead MoreAlcoholism Is An Epidemic Of Alcoholism1492 Words   |  6 Pages It’s no secret that alcoholism is an epidemic. Anyone can fall prisoner to its call. Alcoholism knows no gender, no age, and no race. Alcoholism is an addiction to alcohol. This addiction is not a joke, or a reason to shame others. Its effects on people can be fatal. Alcoholism has claimed the lives of many people. Not always in the same way, but all the same a life lost. The way that some people lose their lives is listed as following: they lose their family, friends, homes, jobs, and etc. now

Computer Networks And The Network - 1481 Words

Computer Networks Network is between two or more computers connected each other they can exchange data. For example a network allows computers to share files, users to message each other. Computer network topology is the way various components of a network for example (link, connect) which is different systems and nodes are connected and communicate with each other. A network is a set of devices, software, and cables that enables the exchange of information between them. Host devices are computers, servers, laptops, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), or anything a person uses to access the network. A topology describes the layout of a network. There are several topologies (Star, Ring, Bus and mesh). A Computer network consists of†¦show more content†¦LAN configuration consists of: O A file server - stores all of the software that controls the network, as well as the software that can be shared by the computers attached to the network. O A workstation - computers connected to the file server (Mac or PCs). These are less powerful than the file server O Cables - used to connect the network interface cards in each computer. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) covers larger geographic areas, such as cities. Often used by local libraries and government agencies often to connect to citizens and private industries. WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect larger geographic areas, such as London, the UK, or the world. In this type of network dedicated transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be used. ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK †¢ Speed. Sharing and transferring files within Networks are very rapid. Thus saving time, while maintaining the integrity of the file. †¢ Cost. Individually licensed copies of many popular software programs can be costly. Networkable versions are available at considerable savings. Shared programs, on a network allows for easier upgrading of the program on one single file server, instead of upgrading individual workstations. †¢ Security. Sensitive files and programs on a network are passwords protected (established for specific directories to restrict access to authorized users) or designated as copy

Nestle Corporate Business Marketing Principles Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Principle for Nestle. Answer: Introduction Nestle is a vibrant company that provides a broad range of products to the customers, which represent global standards. The organisation is highly dedicated to the long- term goals with sustainable growth and satisfaction of the shareholders. The reputation of Nestle has expanded greatly, which indicates that the company is doing very well globally. According to Bahadir et al. (2015), Nestle always believes in establishing a benchmark in the food industry. Such a standard is demarcated by providing healthy and nutritious food to the customers. The company integrated a well-structured marketing communication, which inclines a clear message to the customers. As per the opinion of Helm and Gritsch (2014), every organisation needs to grow a clarity in the marketing objectives and follow the strategies to obtain the goals. Nestle also plans scientifically to formulate the best-accepted marketing strategies. The main aim of the firm is to serve the customers with proficient goods and to maintain the standard. The company always try to design innovative marketing strategies for both local as well as international market place. The RD department of Nestle undergo market segmentation process to understand the customer behaviour and needs. The objective of such innovations is to acquire and retain the customers and make the huge profit. Evaluation of Marketing Mix The marketing mix of Nestle confers the 7Ps, which aids the firm to be the strongest FMCG companies of the world. The marketing mix of Nestle boosts up, due to the presence of high product line. The various elements of marketing mix are as follows:- Product Being the world's largest healthy and nutritious food company, it has almost six thousand products, which is widespread in range. Nearly all the daily use goods and occasionally used commodities are a part of Nestle. Several tactical business units within Nestle manage the large food products. The groups segregated the products mainly in 4 categories to maintain the standard and ease in manufacturing the products. The categories are including beverages, milk and dairy products, chocolates and prepared dishes and cooking aids. According to Dominici (2009), these classes are then subdivided into several sections as per the customer choices including different sizes and flavours. Before introducing the products in the market, the RD department undergoes a series of screening. This process includes food processing, micro- analytical research and proper checking of delivery activities so that the customers would get a good commodity. The UHT treatments and tempting and great lasting tetra packaging are the measures for packaging of milk products. The priority of Nestle is to give quality nutrition, and various information is provided on the packages so that customers can check as per preferences. The maintenance of high quality made Nestle as one of the most appreciable company without much complaint in the market. Price The key factor of success of Nestle in the international market is due to the flexible prices of the products (www.theseus.fi, 2014). The company fixes the price, which is reliant on the market for each product. The marketing strategies of Nestle consist of wide-ranging of pricing strategy, which allows them to maintain the prices at a sustainable phase. For example, Maggi and Nescafe are the clear leaders of the market and are priced with high margins for the firm even after the competition. Such pricing becomes possible because the quality of the products is exquisite. Thus, the skimming price will not affect the customer to switch the brands. In addition to this system, Nestle also keeps the prices affordable to almost all the layers of customers. For example, in the case of beverages, the fruit juices are available for the low economy class while the costly tin packed beverages are also doing well. The potency of pricing for Nestle comes from the exclusive packaging. The company offers a variety of sizes and package options. As the market share leader, Nestle enjoys economies of sales, production cost and flexible price distribution help to stand out even in competitions. Other products like KitKat and Munch face competitions from other companies, which is backed up by the competitive pricing. Thus, with such vast varieties, the customers can make own buying decisions as per the requirements. Placement The company follows the FMCG style of distribution that involves breaching the bulk. This system helps the firm to work worldwide. The company has a large number of operating centres that are being run in almost 86 countries. The sales occur globally and impulsively. The products of Nestle have the central business area in Europe, from where nearly 90% of sales and revenues generate. According to Bliss and Cooke (2011), the products are not directly launched in the market but are introduced systematically. The company follows an organised pattern of distribution that includes manufacturing, CF agents, distribution, wholesalers, retailers and finally consumers. Nestle always look forward to expanding the outlets. Thus, the broad range of products is available in maximum stores. Promotion Nestle have the constructive planning department that works for the promotion of the brand. The management is always ready to pay multiples of the estimated sum. According to Richter (2012), Nestle embraced push and pull strategy. Through advertisement, the company creates a demand vacuum that persuades the customers to buy the products. Additionally, the firm utilises the distribution's sales forces and trade promotional activities to push the brands through electronic and print media. The advertisements along with alluring figurations of the brand always prove superior. Thus, it can be said that Nestl's publications pull the consumers from the market. People To achieve competitive advantage, Nestle always promotes internal marketing to attain maximum performance from the employees. The recruitment teams of the company are decentralised, well- selected and locally responsive. Due to the diverse working environment enable the staffs to respond appropriately and minimise the consequence of cultural variations. There are some non-negotiable standards for the suppliers, agents, etc. to ensure high customer services. According to Powers and Loyka (2010), almost 95% of jobs are filled by internal promotion, which motivates the employees to a great extent. The competitive system of wages and benefits are present for the employees which are highly encouraging. Process The customers have authority to contact the firm through email or phone with an effective customer relationship management. Through inventory control system, the product is readily available to avoid customer dissatisfaction. The manufacturing department works constructively to prevent any stoppage in the process of production. This active participation helps the organisation to maintain a continuous supply in the outlets. Physical Evidence The company always introduce the nutrition levels on the packages of the products to give real hints to the customers (www.nestle.com, 2014). For example, the packaging of Cerelac contains nutrition table with "stage indicators" and infant formula to help the mothers to take the right decision. This step helps the customers to develop awareness and loyalty. Short- Term Perspectives The company's immediate perspective is to provide the clients with proper nutrition, health and wellness. To fulfil this criterion, the managers are continuously trying to adopt such strategies that can provide welfare to the customers. According to Manna and Smith (2011), the main aim of the management of Nestle to provide a healthier lifestyle. The administration adopted the industry- leading research and developmental drives to bring highly innovative products. Also, there is a regular renovation of the food and beverage portfolio to attract the new customers and retain the client loyalty. The researchers of Nestle are always exploring the role of nutritional therapies to improve the health of the customers and also help to maintain (Chaffey and Smith, 2012). The company is also taking initiatives to share the insights on global nutrition and health challenges. This initiative builds a partnership and engages the various stakeholders to strive a positive impact on the societies wh ere the company operates. The marketing managers also make strategies that can empower the public to make effective buying decisions. The Management also initiated many health care programs to guide the parents more systematically (Dang, 2014). The interactive and science based instruction program "start healthy and stay healthy" help the parents to provide newborn kids with balanced nutrition. The United for healthier kids program carries this ahead and aids the caregivers to establish healthier eating and drinking habits. The company also works vigorously to encourage the physical activity along with the healthy eating practices. Additionally, the company also delivers the commitment to reduce the use of salt, sugar and saturated fats in the products and eliminate the trans fats. The firm is also trying to enhance the portion guidance and get better labelling and printing GDAs ( Guideline Daily Amounts) so that the customers can quickly read the specifications (Goi, 2009). Thus, the firm always keeps on acc elerate the strategies so that the customer's well-being can be achieved. Long- Term Perspectives According to Codita and Belz (2010), it is vital for every organisation to correlate the marketing objectives with the corporate strategies. The management of the firm always strives to meet the rapid- changing expectations of the customers. It is very critical for the organisation to maintain a sustainable growth and trust in the minds of the customers. The management of Nestle always concerns about maintaining the reputation and goodwill in the market. After the food contamination issue in Australia, the management becomes more conscious towards the customer healthcare issues. The managers of various departments work in a synchronised manner to adopt a public friendly system. The main aim of adopting such strategies is to attract more people and to retain the previous customers. The firm cares deeply about the food safety and quality in a sustainable way. It is imperative to behave responsibly in various operational activities to bring accuracy and standard. As per the opinion of J ackson (2009), it is the fundamental belief of the company to thrive the long term perspective by creating value for the shareholders. At the same time, the value is created for the society also. The another objective of the company is to ensure the Nestl's name to be identical to the products of supreme quality to hold the customer base. It is also essential for the firm to embrace the client loyalty for prolong period. Recently, the reports showed that the organisation is pursuing the policy of diversification and spreading out through divestment and acquisition. The system is adopted to accomplish a more even-handed structure to the business. Another aspect of the adoption of such policies is to provide the consumers with more innovative products so that the customer's choices can get preferences. According to Polo and Cambra (2007), with the implementation of integrated marketing communication (IMC), the firm's ability to reach the right customers has improved. Thus, it becomes easy for the company to send right messages to consumers at the right time to preserve the customers and increase the value proposition rate. Conclusion After evaluating the above study, a conclusion has been drawn that Nestle formulates critical marketing strategies to monitor and analyse the success. Nestle emerged as one of the market leaders in the food industry with the adoption of different marketing strategy. The company maintains the quality and possesses a flexible product line. The prices of the products are fixed in a way that suits almost all levels of consumers. The flexible pricing strategy makes the brand suitable and favourable for everyone. The company also follows a systematic criterion during the introduction of the products to avoid inaccuracy. The attractive advertisements generate a demand vacuum by the people that push the consumers to approach the commodities. According to Pornpitakpan (2010), the firm has a good reputation in the global market, which summarises that majority of users use Nestl's products. The short-term perspective of the company is to maintain the quality of the goods so that the wellness of the consumers can be valued. The aim of the management is to provide a healthier lifestyle with innovative product and safe packaging. However, in the long run, the company follows strategies to attract more customers and retaining the previous ones. Therefore, values are given to the various shareholders to bring a sustainable growth and development. References Bahadir, S.C., Bharadwaj, S.G. and Srivastava, R.K. (2015) Marketing mix and brand sales in global markets: Examining the contingent role of country-market characteristics, Journal of International Business Studies, 46(5), pp. 596619. Bliss, T.V.P. and Cooke, S.F. (2011) Long-term potentiation and long-term depression: A clinical perspective, Clinics, 66, pp. 317. Chaffey, D. and Smith, P. (2012) Emarketing excellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. 4th edn. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. Codita, R. and Belz, F.-M. (2010) Contingency factors of marketing-mix standardization: German consumer goods companies in central and eastern Europe. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag / Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Wiesbaden. Dang, T. (2014) The success of applying marketing mix 4Ps in Vietnamese dairy industry Vinamilk a typical case. Available at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/85926/Dang_Truc.pdf?sequence=1 (Accessed: 26 September 2016). Dominici, G. (2009) From marketing mix to e-marketing mix: A literature overview and classification, International Journal of Business and Management, 4(9). Goi, C.L. (2009) A review of marketing mix: 4Ps or more?, International Journal of Marketing Studies, 1(1). Hajiheydari, N. and Khakbaz, S.B. (2015) Assessment of long-term effects of marketing mix policies:, International Journal of Systems and Society, 2(2), pp. 122. Helm, R. and Gritsch, S. (2014) Examining the influence of uncertainty on marketing mix strategy elements in emerging business to business export-markets, International Business Review, 23(2), pp. 418428. Jackson, A. (2009) Can social marketing bring about long-term behaviour change?, Perspectives in Public Health, 129(6), pp. 260261. Manna, D.R. and Smith, A.D. (2011) Measuring the theoretical paradigm shift from marketing mix to relational marketing, International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 2(11). Nestle (2014) Available at: https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/strategy (Accessed: 26 September 2016). Polo Redondo, Y. and Cambra Fierro, J.J. (2007) Importance of company size in long term orientation of supply function: An empirical research, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 22(4), pp. 236248. Pornpitakpan, C. (2010) The effect of option choice framing on short-term regret from actions/inactions: Implications for marketing strategies, Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 18(3), pp. 132137. Powers, T.L. and Loyka, J.J. (2010) Adaptation of marketing mix elements in international markets, Journal of Global Marketing, 23(1), pp. 6579. Richter, T. (2012) International marketing mix management: Theoretical framework, contingency factors and empirical findings from world-markets. Berlin: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH.

John Donne Essay Example For Students

John Donne Essay John Donne uses poetry to explore his own identity, express his feelings, and most of all; he uses it to deal with the personal experiences occurring in his life. Donnes poetry is a confrontation or struggle to find a place in this world, or rather, a role to play in a society from which he often finds himself detached or withdrawn. His intellectual knottiness, his stress on poetry as speech rather than song, and his intense and irregular rhythms all required a good deal of getting used to, and there were many who could not or would not adjust their ears and minds to the wealth that his poetry contains. I am compelled to write about John Donne not just by the works that he has accomplished, but also because of his life full of struggle and the wonderful literature that he was able to produce during his life. John Donne was born in England, the exact date of his birth is unknown but it is believed to be in the early year of 1572. He was the third child to be born out of family that eventually grew to 7 children. However, tragically only 3 of the children lived into maturity. His father, also John Donne, was a respected and prosperous ironmonger of the Welsh descent. His mother was Elizabeth Donne (Heywood), whose father ironically was the writer of many interludes, John Heywood. John Heywood participated in the development of British Drama before Shakespeare did. Heywoods wife was the Granddaughter of the sister of Sir Thomas More (just a little interesting fact). Donne was born into the Catholic faith and when Pope Pius V excommunicated Queen Elizabeth 1 in 1570, his family along with all other catholic followers was subject to discrimination and persecution. His family was looked down upon and was so brutally persecuted that John Heywood eventually recanted his own faith, his two sons w ho were Jesuit Priest soon left their homeland of England to practice their faith elsewhere. At the age of 4, in 1576, Donnes father suddenly died leaving his wife to raise her young children. Within 6 months of his fathers death, Elizabeth Donne remarried to Dr. Symmings. This at the time was not unusual for a widow with young children to remarry quickly to hopes to prevent government intervention. Symmings was a London medical practitioner who held degrees from Oxford and the University of Bologna, and who twice served as President of the Royal College of Physicians. At a very young age Donne was privately taught, some believe that Jesuits possibly taught him because of Donnes vast knowledge of science and logic, but this is uncertain. In 1584, John, age twelve, and his brother Henry, age 11, enrolled at Hart Hall, Oxford. During this period, this was no unusual for children this young to attend college, their mother especially wished them to complete school by the age of sixteen due to the fact that by the age of sixteen all students had to swear their life to the Anglican Church, thereby hoping that if they could finish their schooling they would not have to dedicate their faith the Anglican Church and could continue to practice the Roman Catholic religion. After 3 years at Oxford, Donne decided that he didnt feel as though he was adjusting, so he transferred to the more liberal college of Cambridge. There was a problem however, since he was Catholic he wasnt allowed to receive a degree. In 1591, both John and Henry enrolled into the Thavies Inn in London; this was a Prep Law School. On May 6th, 1592, John was accepted to the Law School at Lincolns Inn. He continued his schooling at Lincolns Inn for several years, though it was never known if he ever received his Law Degree. The year of 1593 may have been the most devastating year for the young John Donne. His brother was imprisoned at Newgate Prison for harboring a Catholic Priest. During his time in jail Henry developed a fever that was never treated, the fever turned out to be the symptoms of the plague that was spreading across the countryside, he eventually, and slowly succumbed to death. John was emotionally wrecked and felt a since of guilt because he thought as though he was a coward for not showing the same courage and honor that his brother did. This is where many of Johns struggles begin, and also end. Anne Frank EssayThough trapped in a church and religion that he hated and despised, Donne created some of his greatest works during his period as a Deacon. The sequence of Holy Sonnets shows that in his devotional poetry he was no less witty, original, and even shocking, as in the conclusion of Batter my heart, than he had been as a love poet. In his famous series of sermons, Donne displayed a continual sense of guilt and remorse. The inter-conflict and struggle lead to a self-hatred and disregard for his own self. He felt as though he had betrayed his faith and began to destroy his life. To add to his personal anguish, after 16 years of marriage and after 12 children, Anne passed away giving birth sometime during the month of August of 1617. Only 7 of her children were alive at the time of her death. Donnes wifes death in 1617 was a prolific source of inspiration for Donnes poetry. Another Holy Sonnet, XVII, is entirely dedicated to her loving memory. Once again he presents his be lief of death as a mere transitory stage between the earthly and eternal life, and appears to be resigned to his fate. According to him, Anne has paid her last debt on earth. Her absence is not a cause for concern or pain, for her soul early into heaven ravished/Wholly in heavenly is my mind set. That is, her death has been beneficial, since it has allowed her to join God in the afterlife while freeing him from earthly concerns. Therefore, Donne profits from her death since he is able to concentrate his thoughts and love on God. By ascending to the skies, Anne ceases to be competition against the higher being for Donnes affection, although, as the end will prove, this does not assure his or her well being. Donne was left to raise he young children on his own because of his decision not to remarry. He life was dedicated to Anne and could not allow himself to feel the touch of another woman. In 1621, Donne became Dean of St. Pauls Church in London. Despite his deteriorating health, he held this position with distinction and growing fame, owing in large part to his eloquent sermons. Johns life was also threatened, Donne suffered a severe illness in 1623 and during his recovery began to write his Devotions, which was an acknowledgement of mortality, but he returned to his work in 1624 as vicar of St Dunstans-in-the-West, where one of his admiring parishioners was Izaak Walton. Donne was beginning to run down; his health was precarious by 1630 and on the first Friday of Lent, February 12th, 1631, he preached his last and most famous sermon, Deaths Duel, in the presence of King Charles 1; he knew that he was dying. The end came on 31 March 1631. Two years after his death, in 1633, the first volume of his poetry was published. Donnes poetry went out of fashion about the time of the Restoration, but he had effectively taken English verse out of the too-settled form of fluency and ease to which the Elizabethan fashion seemed to have directed it. His poetry is sharper and more concentrated and hardly seems to belong to the period at all. At his best he is remarkable, but his best was not consistent and readers coming to him for the first time may well be irritated by the self-conscious intellectual display, which are present in his poetry no less than in his prose and seem to be his resort when he is writing at less than his highest level. But his highest level gives him, indisputably, the rank of a major poet. Bibliography: